Virtual 3D models can be 3D printed into tangible anatomical models, aiding surgeons in preoperative planning through mock surgeries. Surgeons can physically interact, observe, and practice procedures, reducing surgery time and cost. The models also serve as educational tools for students and patients.

Osteotomy guides are precise templates for bone resection, designed using virtual 3D models. They aid surgeons in accurately cutting defective bone, ensuring proper fit and alignment for implant fixation. The guides have slots for planned cuts at specific locations and angles, enhancing surgical precision.

Standard implants often require cutting and bending, leading to imperfect conformity and weakened structures due to residual stresses. Patient-Specific Implants, utilizing medical imaging, CAD, bio-compatible materials, and additive manufacturing, address these issues by providing better fit, reducing risks of post-surgery complications such as loosening, breaking, exposure, and infection.